What the robots meta tag controls
The <meta name="robots"> tag is the most precise way to tell search engines how to handle a single page. While robots.txt operates at the path level and controls crawling, the robots meta tag operates at the page level and controls indexing, link following, snippet display, and image previews.
Most pages don't need a robots meta tag — the default is 'index, follow', which is exactly what you usually want. You add the tag when you specifically want to exclude a page from search (noindex), prevent link equity from flowing through it (nofollow), or constrain how it appears in results (max-snippet, max-image-preview).